Perception of Religious Leaders on the Preamble and Section 45(1) of the Papua New Guinea Constitution

Abstract

This study examines how Christians and non-Christians perceive the Constitution's Preamble and Section 45(1) regarding religious rights. It explores whether the Preamble contradicts or supports Section 45(1). Additionally, it identifies constitutional issues that might conflict with religious practices. The research employed an interpretivist paradigm and a mixed-methods approach to collect and interpret data. The researcher gathers insights from thirty-five religious leaders across three highland provinces of Papua New Guinea (PNG): Jiwaka, Simbu, and Eastern Highlands. The findings indicated that the Preamble, which declares PNG a Christian country, conflicts with Section 45(1) of the PNG Constitution, which guarantees freedom of religion along with rights related to race, color, sex, gender, and place of origin. The study recommends legislative and policy reforms concerning constitutional and religious affairs. Proposed constitutional reforms include revising the Preamble to promote inclusivity by emphasizing shared values such as love, forgiveness, righteousness, and peacemaking; implementing a guided democracy; enforcing accountability among politicians; and reviewing policies related to gender equality. The recommended reforms for religious affairs encompass developing a national policy, organizing inter-denominational forums, registering religious groups, and screening leaders to ensure adherence to moral standards, all aimed at promoting inclusivity and ethical integrity in PNG.